Small animal mask

ABSTRACT

A spacer for connecting an inhaler device to a mask, including an elongated cylindrical first member extending along a central axis between a proximal end adapted to receive an inhaler device and a distal end having a particle reflecting surface, and wherein the first member has an inner channel extending along the central axis, and an elongated cylindrical second member extending along a central axis between a closed proximal end and a distal end adapted to connect to a mask, wherein the second member defines an inner channel extending along the central axis of the second member and wherein the first member and the second member are connected such that the inner channels of the members are joined lengthwise.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/945,003, filed Nov. 26, 2007, which iscontinuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/589,913,filed Aug. 18, 2006, which is a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C.§371 of International Application No. PCT/US2005/011370, filed Apr. 1,2005, published in English, which claims the benefit of United KingdomPatent Application No. 0407472.0, filed Apr. 1, 2004. The disclosure ofall of said applications are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to the delivery of drugs to animals, andmore particularly to devices for enabling the delivery of drugs ormedicaments to animals for pulmonary or nasal absorption via the mouthand/or nose.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The deliver of a drug or a medicament to an animal, and in particular amammal, such as a human, a dog or a cat, for pulmonary or nasalabsorption is desired in many circumstances. Direct application, such asby a spray or aerosol delivery device, or a dry powder delivery device,is difficult due to movements of the animal. To enable such applicationof medicaments, in the prior art, an elongated, generally cup-shaped“mask” is often provided, having a relatively large open base end forfitment over an animal's nostrils or muzzle and having a medicamentadministration port opposite that base end for connecting to amouthpiece of an medicament dispensing device. Typically, the mask ismade out of a semi

rigid material (e.g., sheet polycarbonate) and is provided in varioussizes for use with different sized animals.

A common problem with prior art mask devices is that prior art maskdevices fail to provide a comfortable and tight seal around the animal'smouth and nostrils. Prior art devices also fail to efficiently directthe medicament from the medicament dispensing device to the mask, andthen to the animal's mouth or nostrils. Therefore, it is desirable whendelivery medicaments to small animals for pulmonary or nasal absorptionvia the mouth and/or nose that the delivery device can provide acomfortable fit, and a tight and secure seal around the animal's mouthand nostrils. It is also desirable to have a delivery device that canefficiently direct medicament from the medicament dispensing device tothe animal's mouth or nostrils for inhalation.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to one aspect, the present disclosure provides a spacer forconnecting an inhaler device to a mask. The spacer includes an elongatedcylindrical first member and an elongated cylindrical second member. Thefirst member extends along a central axis between a proximal end adaptedto receive an inhaler device and a distal end having a particlereflecting surface, and wherein the first member has an inner channelextending along the central axis. The second member extends along acentral axis between a closed proximal end and a distal end adapted toconnect to a mask, wherein the second member defines an inner channelextending along the central axis of the second member. The first memberand the second member are connected such that the inner channels of themembers are joined lengthwise.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will becomereadily apparent to those skilled in this art from the followingdetailed description, wherein exemplary embodiments of the presentdisclosure are shown and described, simply by way of illustration. Aswill be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other anddifferent embodiments and its several details are capable ofmodifications in various obvious respects, all without departing fromthe disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to beregarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective end views of an exemplary embodiment ofa delivery device constructed in accordance with the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A shows a top plan view of the delivery device of FIGS. 1A and 1B;

FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B taken alongline A-A in FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B;

FIG. 4A is an end view of the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B;

FIG. 4B is a sectional view of the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B taken alongline B-B in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are perspective end views of a mask of the device ofFIGS. 1A and 1B;

FIG. 6A is a top plan view of the mask of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B;

FIG. 6B is a bottom plan view of the mask of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B;

FIG. 7A is a front elevation view of the mask of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B;

FIG. 7B is a rear elevation view of the mask of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B;

FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of the mask of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the mask of FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B takenalong line C-C in FIG. 7B;

FIGS. 10A and 10B are perspective end views of an exemplary embodimentof a spacer of the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B;

FIG. 11A is a top plan view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B;

FIG. 11B is a side elevation view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B;

FIG. 11C is a bottom plan view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B;

FIG. 12A is a front elevation view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B;

FIG. 12B is a sectional view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B takenalong line D-D in FIG. 12A;

FIG. 13A is a rear elevation view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B;

FIG. 13B is a sectional view of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B takenalong line E-E in FIG. 13A;

FIGS. 14A and 14B are perspective end views of an exemplary embodimentof an end wall adapter of the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B, that attachesto and closes an end of the spacer of FIGS. 10A and 10B;

FIG. 15A is a front elevation view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14Aand 14B;

FIG. 15B is a sectional view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14A and 14Btaken along line F-F in FIG. 15A;

FIG. 16A is a rear elevation view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14A and14B;

FIG. 16B is a sectional view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14A and 14Btaken along line G-G in FIG. 16A;

FIG. 17A is a top plan view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14A and 14B;

FIG. 17B is a bottom plan view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14A and14B;

FIG. 18 is a side elevation view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 14A and14B;

FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B are perspective end views of another exemplaryembodiment of an end wall adapter for use with the device of FIGS. 1Aand 1B, and that attaches to and closes an end of the spacer of FIGS.10A and 10B;

FIG. 20A is a front elevation view of the spacer adapter 16 of FIGS. 19Aand 19B;

FIG. 20B is a sectional view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and 19Btaken along line H-H in FIG. 20A;

FIG. 21A is a rear elevation view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and19B;

FIG. 21B is a sectional view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and 19Btaken along line I-I in FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22A is a top plan view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and 19B;

FIG. 22B is a bottom plan view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and19B;

FIG. 23 is a side elevation view of the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and19B;

FIG. 24 is a perspective top view of another exemplary embodiment of adelivery device constructed in accordance with the present disclosureand including the spacer adapter of FIGS. 19A and 19B;

FIG. 25 is end elevation view of the device of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of the device of FIG. 24 taken along lineJ-J in FIG. 25;

FIGS. 27 and 28 are perspective end views of a further exemplaryembodiment of a delivery device constructed in accordance with thepresent disclosure and including a T-shape element between the mask andthe spacer;

FIG. 29 is a top plan view of the delivery device of FIGS. 27 and 28;

FIG. 30 is a side elevation view of the delivery device of FIGS. 27 and28;

FIG. 31 is an end elevation view of the delivery device of FIGS. 27 and28;

FIG. 32 is a sectional view of the delivery device of FIGS. 27 and 28taken along line K-K in FIG. 31;

FIGS. 33A and 33B are perspective end views of the T-shape element ofthe delivery device of FIGS. 27 and 28;

FIG. 34 is a side elevation view of the T-shape element of FIGS. 33A and33B;

FIG. 35 is a top plan view of the T-shape element of FIGS. 33A and 33B;

FIG. 36 is an end elevation view of the T-shape element of FIGS. 33A and33B;

FIG. 37 is a sectional view of the T-shape element of FIGS. 33A and 33Btaken along line L-L in FIG. 35;

FIG. 38 is a sectional view of the T-shape element of FIGS. 33A and 33Btaken along line M-M in FIG. 35;

FIG. 39 is a sectional view of the T-shape element of FIGS. 33A and 33Btaken along line N-N in FIG. 36;

FIG. 41 is an end plan view of a valve member for use with the T-shapeelement of FIGS. 33A and 33B;

FIG. 41 is a side elevation view of the valve member of FIG. 41;

FIG. 42 is an opposite end plan view of the valve member of FIG. 41;

FIGS. 43 and 44 are perspective end views of an exemplary embodiment ofa medicament delivery device constructed in accordance with the presentdisclosure and including a nebulizer and a mask connected through ahose;

FIG. 45 is a top plan view of the medicament delivery device of FIGS. 43and 44;

FIG. 46 is a rear elevation view of the medicament delivery device ofFIGS. 43 and 44;

FIG. 47 is a sectional view of the medicament delivery device of FIGS.43 and 44 taken along line P-P in FIG. 46;

FIG. 48 is an enlarged side elevation view of the mask and a portion ofthe hose of the medicament delivery device of FIGS. 43 and 44;

FIGS. 49 through 54 show various views of another exemplary embodimentof a medicament delivery device constructed in accordance with thepresent disclosure, and which is similar to the device illustrated inFIGS. 43 through 48, but further includes a T-shape element similar tothe T-shape element of FIGS. 27 through 42 connecting the hose and themask

FIGS. 55 through 62 show various views of an elbow of the deliverydevices of FIGS. 43 through 54.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure provides a medicament delivery device, which canbe used with a medicament dispenser, such as an inhaler or nebulizer, todeliver medicament for inhalation by an animal. Exemplary embodiments ofthe present disclosure are shown in the attached figures.

FIGS. 1A through 4B show an exemplary embodiment of a delivery device 10constructed in accordance with the present disclosure. The deliverydevice 10 includes a mask 12, a spacer 14, and a spacer adaptor 16. Themask 12 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 5A-9. The mask 12 isintended for use with any mammal, particularly, is intended to but isnot limited to use with small mammals. Foremost among such mammals arehumans, although the disclosure is not intended to be so limited, and isapplicable to veterinary uses, such as with cats. Thus, in accordancewith the disclosure, “mammals” or “mammal in need” include humans aswell as non-human mammals, particularly domesticated animals including,without limitation, cats and dogs. The word “animal” used in thisapplication also includes humans and non-human mammals.

The mask 12 includes a base portion 18 extending along an axis X andhaving a relatively small upstream end 20 and a relatively largedownstream end 22, and a tubular portion 24 extending along the axis Xfrom the upstream end 20 of the base portion 18 to a distal end 26,which is connected to the spacer 14. The base portion 18 and the tubularportion 24 are preferably integrally constructed. The base portion 18preferably has a shape similar to a pyramid. A person skilled in the artshould appreciate that other equivalent shapes also can be used for themask 12. For example, the mask 12 can include only the pyramidal shapebase portion 18 without the tubular portion 24, and the upstream end 20is adapted for connecting with the spacer 14. The mask 12 is preferablymade from a flexible, light-weight, non-porous material, such as asuitable thermoplastic or rubber.

The downstream end 22 of the mask 12 is adapted for fitment over ananimal's face, such that the mask 12 covers the animal's mouth andnostrils, and provides a comfortable and tight seal around the animal'smouth and nostrils. The downstream end 22 preferably includes three edgesections: a bottom edge section 30, and two side edge sections 32A and32B. The two side edge sections 32A and 32B join with each other at thetop of the downstream end 22, and join with the bottom edge section 30at two bottom corners. As best shown in the bottom view in FIG. 6B, thebottom edge section 30 is preferably shaped to slightly curve toward theupstream end 20 in a substantially “V” shape, and as best shown in sideviews in FIGS. 8 and 9, the side edge sections 32A and 32B also arepreferably shaped to curve, from the junction with the bottom edgesection 30, first toward the upstream end 20 and then, away from theupstream end 20, forming a substantially “S” shape periphery (FIG. 9shows a substantially “S” shape periphery, and FIG. 8 shows a mirrorimage of “S” viewed from an opposite side).

The base portion 18 defines an interior region which is in fluidcommunication with an inner channel of the tubular portion 24. In use,the distal end 26 of the tubular portion 24 is connected to one end ofthe spacer 14, which is connected to a medicament dispenser at theopposite end, and the downstream end 22 of the mask 12 is fitted againstthe animal's face, covering the animal's mouth and nostrils, so that thedevice 10 delivers the medicament dispensed from the medicamentdispenser, via the spacer 14 and the mask 12, to the animal's mouth andnostrils for inhalation.

FIGS. 10A-13B show the spacer 14, which includes a first elongatedcylindrical member 40 extending along a central axis Y between aproximal end 42 and a distal end 44, and a second elongated cylindricalmember 46 extending along a central axis Z between a proximal end 48 anda distal end 50. The central axis Y is substantially parallel to thecentral axis Z. The second cylindrical member 46 is partially cut awayalong a major portion of its length, and the first cylindrical member 40is also partially cut away along its length. The major portion of thesecond cylindrical member 46 and the first cylindrical member 40 arejoined together by attaching the cut-away surface of the secondcylindrical member 46 to the cut-away surface of the first cylindricalmember 40, with a relatively small portion near the proximal end 48 ofthe second cylindrical member 46 extending beyond the proximal end 42 ofthe cylindrical member 40 for inserting into the distal end 26 of themask 12, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4B. Preferably, the cutting-awaysurface of the second cylindrical member 46 is a cross section along thecentral axis Z, as shown in FIG. 10B.

The first cylindrical member 40 has a relatively large diameter in thecross section transverse to the axis Y, and the second cylindricalmember 46 has a relatively small diameter in the cross sectiontransverse to the axis Z. The first cylindrical member 40 defines aninner channel extending along the axis Y and passing through thecylindrical member 40, and the second cylindrical member 46 defines aninner channel extending along the axis Z and passing through the secondcylindrical, and as shown in FIG. 10B and FIG. 12B, the inner channelsof the cylindrical members 40 and 46 are joined and are in communicationwith each other along their length. As shown in FIG. 12B and FIG. 13B,the first cylindrical member 40 is provided with an inner substantiallydome-shaped surface 70 centered about the axis Y at the proximal end 42,facing the incoming air stream directed from the distal end 44 when thedevice 10 is in use. In use, the inner dome surface 70 deflects thesmall particles in the medicament in the incoming air stream to allowthe small particles to be inhaled through the proximal end 48 of thesecond cylindrical member 46 and the mask 12, and at the same time,allows the large particles in the medicament to land on the bottom ofthe inner channel of the first cylindrical member 40. The spacer 14 ispreferably integrally constructed and made from a rigid, light-weight,non-porous material, such as a suitable plastic.

FIGS. 14A-18 show various views of the spacer adapter 16, which extendsalong a central axis W between a proximal end 52 and a distal end 54,and has a shape of two short cylindrical members joined along theirlength. The spacer adapter 16 has a cross-sectional peripheral profile,which is transverse to the axis W and is similar to the cross-sectionalperipheral profile of the spacer 14, with a relatively large diameterfirst portion 56 and a relatively small diameter second portion 58. Thespacer adapter 16 defines a continuous slot 60 along the boundary of thespacer adapter 16. The slot 60 extends a distance along the central axisW from the proximal end 52 to a point near the distal end 54, as shownin FIG. 15B and FIG. 16B. The slot 60 is sized to receive the distal endof the spacer 14, whereby a portion of the slot 60 in the relativelylarge diameter first portion 56 receives the distal end 44 of the firstcylindrical member 40, and the other portion of the slot 60 in therelatively small diameter second portion 58 receives the distal end 50of the second cylindrical member 46. The spacer adapter 16 is attachedto the distal end of the spacer 14 by inserting the distal end of thespacer 14 to the slot 60 of the spacer adapter 16.

The spacer adapter 16 further defines an inlet passageway 64, whichextends along the central axis W. The inlet passageway 64 is adapted toreceive a mouthpiece of a medicament dispenser, such as an inhaler. Inthe embodiment shown in FIGS. 15A and 16A, the passageway 64 is providedwith a substantially rectangular shape, but the shape of the passageway64 may vary in different embodiments for use with different medicamentdispensers. The spacer adapter 16 is preferably made from a flexible,light-weight, non-porous material, such as a suitable thermoplastic orrubber. The inside structure of the spacer adapter 16 includesperipheral walls of the passageway 64 and webs extending outwardly fromthe peripheral walls, as shown in FIG. 14B and FIG. 16A. The structureand the material of the spacer adapter 16 provides the spacer adapter 16with ability to flexible adapt and accommodate mouthpieces withdifferent sizes or different shapes.

FIGS. 19A-23 show another exemplary embodiment of a spacer adapter 16for use with a device of the present disclosure. The spacer adapter 16is similar to the spacer adapter 16 shown in FIGS. 14A through 18, suchthat similar elements have the same reference characters. FIGS. 24through 26 show another exemplary embodiment of the delivery device 10,including the spacer adapter 16 of FIGS. 19A-23 attached to the spacer14.

As shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, the spacer adapter 16 extends along acentral axis W between a proximal end 52 and a distal end 54, and has ashape of two short cylindrical members joined along their length. Thespacer adapter 16 defines an inlet passageway 64, which extends alongthe central axis W from the proximal end 52 to the distal end 54. Theinlet passageway 64 is adapted to receive a mouthpiece of a medicamentdispenser. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 19A-23, the inlet passageway64 is provided with a substantially elliptical shape. In an exemplaryform, as shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B, the inlet passageway 64 includestwo sections, a first section 65A extending a relatively small distancefrom the distal end 54 toward the proximal end 52 along the central axisW, and a second section 65B extending from the end of the first section65A to the proximal end 52. The diameter along a horizontal direction(I-I direction in FIG. 21A) of the second section 65B, as denoted by“D2”, is preferably larger than the diameter along the I-I direction ofthe first section 65A, as denoted by “D1”. The inlet passageway 64receives, secures, and provides a seal around the mouthpiece of thedispensing device when the delivery device 10 is in use.

As shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, the spacer adapter 16 also defines twohollow regions, a bottom hollow region 82 and a top hollow region 84,respectively positioned below and above the inlet passageway 64 (asshown in the front view in FIG. 19A). Each top and bottom hollow region82, 84 extend from the distal end 54 toward the proximal end 52 along anaxis parallel to the central axis W to an end near the proximal end 52.Two side hollow regions 86 and 88, respectively positioned on the rightand on the left of the inlet passageway 64 (as shown in the back view inFIG. 19B), each extend from the proximal end 52 toward the distal end 54along an axis parallel to the central axis W to an end near the distalend 54.

As shown in the cross-sectional views in FIG. 20B and FIG. 21B, eachhollow region extends a major portion of the length of the spaceradapter 16 along W-W direction. In the radial direction, each hollowregion extends from an edge near the boundary of the inlet passageway 64to an edge near the continuous slot 60. The top hollow region 84preferably has a substantially arcuate shape and the bottom hollowregion 82 has a profile similar to the second cylindrical member 46 plusthe joint area between the first cylindrical member 40 and the secondcylindrical member 46. Two side hollow regions 86 and 88 each have asubstantially arcuate shape extending about the central axis W,preferably with a radian of 90 degrees, from a top side edge near theedge of the top hollow region 84 to a bottom side edge near the edge ofthe bottom hollow region 82. The inside structure of the spacer adapter16 provides the spacer adapter 16 with flexibility to accommodatemouthpieces with different sizes or different shapes, and also helps tosealingly secure the mouthpiece within the inlet passageway 64.

In use, the spacer adapter 16 (applicable to the both embodimentsillustrated in FIGS. 14A-18 and FIGS. 19-23) is attached to the spacer14 by sealingly inserting the distal end of the spacer 14 into the slot60 of the spacer adapter 16, and proximal end 48 of the secondcylindrical member 46 of the spacer 14 is inserted into the tubularportion 24 of the mask 12, so that a continuous passageway from theinlet passageway 64 of the spacer adapter 16 to the interior region ofthe mask 12 is provided. The proximal end 48 of the second cylindricalmember 46 is inserted into the tubular portion 24 of the mask 12 in amanner such that a bottom surface 72 of the mask 12 is substantiallyaligned with a top surface 74 of the first cylindrical member 40, asshown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 4B. In use, a user inserts the mouthpiece ofthe medicament dispenser into the inlet passageway 64, and presses themask 12 against the animal's face with the second cylindrical member 46positioned above the first cylindrical member 40. The animal can breathein the medicament, which is dispensed into the spacer 14, by its mouthor nostrils through the delivery device 10.

The spacer adapter 16 is preferably shaped to couple to, or receive, anexternal aerosolizing medicament dispensing device. In variousembodiments, the medicament dispensing device may be a metered dosebreath-actuated or user (e.g., veterinarian) operated inhaler and may bea dry powder or aerosol dispenser. Preferably, the medicament dispensingdevice includes an output structure (e.g., a mouthpiece), which directsairborne medicaments to the interior of the passageway 64 of the spaceradapter 16, or directly into the interior of the spacer 14 via thepassageway 64 of the spacer adapter 16. The spacer adapter 16 can bemanufactured with different sizes and shapes to match the mouthpieces ofdifferent medicament dispensers.

FIGS. 27-32 illustrate various views of another exemplary embodiment ofa medicament delivery device 10 according to the present disclosure. Asshown in the figures, the medicament delivery device 10 further includesa substantially T-shape element 100 extending along the axis Z-Z betweenthe distal end 26 of the mask 12 and the proximal end 48 of the spacer14, and having two opposite ends respectfully connected to the distalend 26 and the proximal end 48.

One exemplary embodiment of the substantially T-shape element is shownin detail in FIGS. 33A through 39. As best shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B5the T-shape element 100 includes a first tubular element 102 extendingalong a central axis between a proximal end 103 and a distal end 104. Asecond tubular element 106 extends from a middle area of the firsttubular element 102, along a central axis perpendicular to the centralaxis of the first tubular element 102 to a distal end 108. The secondtubular element 106 defines an inner channel, which is in fluidcommunication with an inner channel defined within the first tubularelement 102. In an exemplary form, the proximal end 103 of the firsttubular element 102 has a diameter adapted for inserting into the distalend 26 of the mask 12, and the distal end 104 has a diameter adapted forreceiving the proximal end 48 of the adapter 14.

The T-shape element 100 further includes an inhalation valve 110disposed inside the inner channel of the first tubular element 102 in aportion between the middle area from which the second tubular element106 extends and the distal end 104, and an exhalation valve 112 disposedinside the second tubular element 106. Both the inhalation valve 110 andthe exhalation valve 112 are preferably one-way valves, such that theinhalation valve 110 allows air to pass through from the distal end 104to the proximal end 103 of the first tubular element 102, and preventsair from flowing backwards, and the exhalation valve 112 allows air toexit from the inside of the T-shape element 100 to the outside throughthe distal end 108 of the second tubular element 106, and prevents airfrom flowing backwards.

As shown in FIG. 33A through FIG. 42, each of the valves 110, 112includes a plate 120, made from a rigid material. The plate 120 definesone or a plurality of openings 122 for air to pass through. A flexiblecover 124 is attached to the plate 120 by a pin 126 (sometimes referredto as an umbrella valve member), which is inserted into and secured in ahole 128 defined in the plate 120. The cover 124 is thin and flexiblesuch that, when air flows in a direction from the openings 122 to thecover 124, the air flips up the cover 124 and passes through the valve,and when air flows in an opposite direction, the air presses the cover124 against the plate 120, and the plate 120 prevents the cover 124 frommoving, and thereby preventing air from passing through the valve.

In use, when a mammal inhales, the inhalation valve 110 is opened by theair pressure, allowing air carrying medicament to pass through from thespacer 14 to the mask 12, and the exhalation valve 112 is closed by theair pressure, preventing air from entering into the delivery device 10.When a mammal exhales, the exhalation valve 112 is opened by the airpressure, allowing air to exit the delivery device 10 through the secondtubular element 106, and at the same time, the inhalation valve 110 isclosed by the air pressure, preventing the exhaled air from enteringinto the spacer 14. Other one-way valves having the same or similarfunction but with various designs could be used with the medicamentdelivery device 10. The present disclosure should not be limited to theexemplary valve design depicted above and in the figures.

FIGS. 43 through 48 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of themedicament delivery device according to the present disclosure. Themedicament delivery device 200 includes a mask 12 and a nebulizer 130connected to the mask 12 by an elongated hose 132. The mask 12 issimilar to the mask described in the previous embodiments. The nebulizer130 contains and/or converts medication to a fine spray adapted forinhalation by a mammal. The hose 132 preferably is flexible and has abellow shape, and the length of the hose 132 is adjustable. A proximalend of the hose 132 is connected to the distal end 26 of the mask, andthe other end (distal end) is connected to the nebulizer 130 by an elbow134, which is shown in detail in FIGS. 55-62.

FIGS. 49-54 illustrate another exemplary embodiment of the medicamentdelivery device 200, which is similar to the device illustrated in FIGS.43-48, except that the proximal end of the hose 132 is connected to thedistal end 26 of the mask 12 by a T-shape element 100, which has twoone-way valves 110 and 112, similar to the T-shape element 100 describedin previous embodiments and depicted in FIGS. 27-42.

FIGS. 55-62 illustrate various views of the elbow 134. As shown in thefigures, the elbow 134 preferably has two sections joined at an angle ofabout 90 degrees. One section is connected to the distal end of the hose132 and the other section is connected to the nebulizer 130.

The delivery device 10 or 200 may be used for any drug formulation whichmay be advantageously administered to the lung or nasal passages in ananimal, to cure or alleviate any illness or its symptoms. Manymedicaments, bioactive active substances and pharmaceutical compositionsmay be included in the dosage forms of the present disclosure.Non-limiting examples of classes of drugs contemplated for use includeace-inhibitors, acne drugs, alkaloids, amino acid preparations, anabolicpreparations, analgesics, anesthetics, antacids, antianginal drugs,anti-anxiety agents, anti-arrhythmias, anti-asthmatics, antibiotics,anti-cholesterolemics, anti-coagulants, anti-convulsants,anti-depressants, anti-diabetic agents, anti-diarrhea preparations,antidotes, anti-emetics, anti-histamines, anti-hypertensive drugs,anti-inflammatory agents, anti-lipid agents, anti-manics,anti-nauseants, anti-nauseants, anti

neoplastics, anti-obesity drugs, anti-parkinsonism agents,anti-psychotics, anti-pyretics, anti

rheumatic agents, anti-spasmodics, anti-stroke agents, anti-thromboticdrugs, anti-thyroid preparations, anti-tumor drugs, anti-tussives,anti-ulcer agents, anti-uricemic drugs, anti-viral drugs, appetitestimulants or suppressants, biological response modifiers, bloodmodifiers, bone metabolism regulators, cardiovascular agents, centralnervous system stimulates, cerebral dilators, cholinesterase inhibitors,contraceptives, coronary dilators, cough suppressants, decongestants,dietary supplements, diuretics, DNA and genetic modifying drugs,dopamine receptor agonists, endometriosis management agents, enzymes,erectile dysfunction therapies, erythropoietic drugs, expectorants,fertility agents, gastrointestinal agents, homeopathic remedies,hormones, hyper- and hypo-glycemic agents, hypercalcemia andhypocalcemia management agents, hypnotics, immunomodulators,immunosuppressives, ion exchange resins, laxatives, migrainepreparations, motion sickness treatments, mucolytics, muscle relaxants,neuromuscular drugs, obesity management agents, osteoporosispreparations, oxytocics, parasympatholytics, parasympathomimetics,peripheral vasodilators, prostaglandins, psychotherapeutic agents,psycho-tropics, stimulants, respiratory agents, sedatives, smokingcessation aids, sympatholytics, systemic and non-systemic anti-infectiveagents, terine relaxants, thyroid and anti-thyroid preparations,tranquilizers, tremor preparations, urinary tract agents,vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, and combinations thereof.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms andembodiments without departing from the spirit or essentialcharacteristics thereof. The exemplary embodiments shown in the presentspecification are, therefore, to be considered in all respectsillustrative and not restrictive, of the scope of the presentdisclosure, and all changes which come within the meaning and range ofequivalency of the exemplary embodiments are therefore intended to beembraced within the present disclosure.

1. A spacer for connecting an inhaler device to a mask, the spacer comprising: a) an elongated cylindrical first member extending along a central axis between a proximal end adapted to receive an inhaler device and a distal end having a particle reflecting surface, and wherein the first member has an inner channel extending along the central axis; b) an elongated cylindrical second member extending along a central axis between a closed proximal end and a distal end adapted to connect to a mask, wherein the second member defines an inner channel extending along the central axis of the second member and wherein the first member and the second member are connected such that the inner channels of the members are joined lengthwise.
 2. A spacer according to claim 1, wherein the particle reflecting surface of the distal end of the first member is substantially dome-shaped and extends towards the proximal end of the first member.
 3. A spacer according to claim 1, wherein the central axis of the second member is substantially parallel to the central axis of the first member.
 4. A spacer according to claim 1, wherein the first member has a cross-sectional diameter that is larger that a cross-sectional diameter of the second member.
 5. A spacer according to claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the second member is aligned with the proximal end of the first member.
 6. A spacer according to claim 1, wherein the distal end of the second member extends beyond the distal end of the first member.
 7. A spacer according to claim 1, wherein the second member and the first member are integrally formed and made from a rigid, light-weight, non-porous material.
 8. A spacer according to claim 1, further comprising an adapter closing the proximal end of the first member and defining an inlet passageway for receiving a mouthpiece of an inhaler, wherein the adapter is made of a flexible resilient material such that the inlet passageway can accommodate various mouthpieces having different sizes and shapes.
 9. A spacer according to claim 1, further comprising a mask connected to the distal end of the second member.
 10. A spacer according to claim 9, wherein the distal end of the second member includes a one-way inhalation valve and the mask includes a one-way exhalation valve.
 11. A spacer according to claim 1, further comprising a T-shape element including, a first tubular element extending along a central axis between a proximal end connected to the distal end of the second member of the spacer and a distal end for connection to a mask, and a second tubular element extending from the first tubular element to a distal end.
 12. A spacer according to claim 11, further comprising a mask connect to the distal end of the first tubular element of the T-shape element.
 13. A spacer according to claim 11, wherein the T-shape element further includes a one-way inhalation valve positioned in the proximal end of the first tubular element.
 14. A spacer according to claim 11, wherein the T-shape element further includes a one-way exhalation valve disposed inside the second tubular element.
 15. A spacer according to claim 1, further comprising an inhaler connected to the proximal end of the first member.
 16. A spacer according to claim 15, wherein the inhaler includes a medicament container.
 17. A spacer according to claim 16, wherein the medicament container contains a medicament selected from a group consisting of acne-inhibitors, acne drugs, alkaloids, amino acid preparations, anabolic preparations, analgesics, anesthetics, antacids, antianginal drugs, anti-anxiety agents, anti-arrhythmias, anti-asthmatics, antibiotics, anti-cholesterolemics, anti-coagulants, anti-convulsants, anti-depressants, anti-diabetic agents, anti-diarrhea preparations, antidotes, anti-emetics, anti-histamines, anti-hypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-lipid agents, anti-manics, anti-nauseants, anti-nauseants, anti-neoplasties, anti-obesity drugs, anti-parkinsonism agents, anti-psychotics, anti-pyretics, anti-rheumatic agents, anti-spasmodics, anti-stroke agents, anti-thrombotic drugs, anti-thyroid preparations, anti-tumor drugs, anti-tussives, anti-ulcer agents, anti-uricemic drugs, anti-viral drugs, appetite stimulants or suppressants, biological response modifiers, blood modifiers, bone metabolism regulators, cardiovascular agents, central nervous system stimulates, cerebral dilators, cholinesterase inhibitors, contraceptives, coronary dilators, cough suppressants, decongestants, dietary supplements, diuretics, DNA and genetic modifying drugs, dopamine receptor agonists, endometriosis management agents, enzymes, erectile dysfunction therapies, erythropoietic drugs, expectorants, fertility agents, gastrointestinal agents, homeopathic remedies, hormones, hyper- and hypo-glycemic agents, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia management agents, hypnotics, immunomodulators, immunosuppressives, ion exchange resins, laxatives, migraine preparations, motion sickness treatments, mucolytics, muscle relaxants, neuromuscular drugs, obesity management agents, osteoporosis preparations, oxytocics, parasympatholytics, parasympathomimetics, peripheral vasodilators, prostaglandins, psychotherapeutic agents, psycho-tropics, stimulants, respiratory agents, sedatives, smoking cessation aids, sympatholytics, systemic and non-systemic anti-infective agents, terine relaxants, thyroid and anti-thyroid preparations, tranquilizers, tremor preparations, urinary tract agents, vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, and combinations thereof.
 18. A spacer according to claim 1, further comprising a mask including a base portion having an upstream end and an open downstream end that is larger than the upstream end and adapted for fitment over a face, and a tubular portion extending from the upstream end of the base portion to a distal end connected to the distal end of the second member of the spacer.
 19. A spacer according to claim 18, wherein the mask is made from a flexible, lightweight, non-porous material.
 20. A spacer according to claim 18, wherein the downstream end of the mask includes a bottom edge section, and two side edge sections extending from ends of the bottom edge section and joined at the top of the downstream end, wherein the bottom edge section is slightly curved toward the upstream end in a substantially V-shape, and the side edge sections are slightly curved, from the bottom edge section, first towards the upstream end and then, away from the upstream end to form a substantially S-shape periphery. 